If you’ve never worked, you might assume Social Security benefits are out of reach. However, under certain conditions, you can still qualify for payments—often through spousal benefits.
For those eligible, payments could average around $910 in 2025. Here’s how to determine if you qualify and maximize your benefits.
Who Qualifies for Social Security Without Working?
Social Security retirement benefits typically require 40 work credits, equivalent to about ten years of work covered by the Social Security Administration (SSA).
However, some individuals can receive benefits without meeting this work history requirement, including:
- Spouses: If your spouse qualifies for Social Security, you may be eligible for spousal benefits based on their earnings record.
- Parents or caregivers: In some cases, caring for a qualifying child may grant eligibility for spousal benefits.
- Widows or widowers: Survivors may also qualify for benefits based on a deceased spouse’s work history.
Requirements for Spousal Benefits
To qualify for spousal benefits:
- Your Spouse Must Qualify
- Your spouse must have enough work credits to qualify for Social Security benefits and must apply for their retirement benefits.
- Minimum Age
- You must be at least 62 years old to qualify, unless you care for a qualifying child.
- A qualifying child is defined as a child under 16 years old or one receiving Social Security disability benefits.
- Marriage Status
- You must be legally married to the worker or divorced after at least 10 years of marriage (if you are not currently remarried).
How Spousal Benefits Are Calculated
Spousal benefits are based on your spouse’s Primary Insurance Amount (PIA)—the monthly benefit they are entitled to at Full Retirement Age (FRA).
- Maximum Spousal Benefit: You can receive up to 50% of your spouse’s PIA.
- Reduced Benefits: If you claim spousal benefits before reaching your FRA, the benefit will be reduced.
Example of Benefit Amounts
| Scenario | Benefit Amount |
|---|---|
| Full spousal benefit (at FRA) | 50% of worker’s PIA |
| Claimed before FRA | Reduced percentage |
| Caring for a qualifying child | Full spousal benefit, regardless of age |
Current Spousal Benefit Average
As of October 2024, the average spousal benefit is approximately $910 per month. Your exact benefit will depend on your spouse’s work history and the age at which you claim.
Important Notes
- Does Not Reduce Worker’s Benefit: A spousal benefit does not lower the retirement payment your spouse receives.
- Delayed Benefits: If your spouse delays retirement benefits beyond their FRA, their payment increases, but your spousal benefit remains capped at 50% of their PIA.
Steps to Apply for Spousal Benefits
- Check Eligibility
- Confirm your spouse’s eligibility for Social Security.
- Ensure you meet age or caregiving requirements.
- Gather Required Documents
- Marriage certificate.
- Proof of spouse’s earnings (such as W-2s or tax returns).
- File a Claim
- Visit the SSA website or call the SSA at 1-800-772-1213 to start your application.
- Verify Your Payment
- Review your benefit award letter for accuracy, including the amount and payment schedule.
Maximizing Benefits
- Wait Until FRA: If possible, delay claiming spousal benefits until you reach your FRA to receive the maximum amount.
- Explore Caregiver Options: If you care for a qualifying child, you may qualify for benefits even if you are under 62.
- Coordinate With Your Spouse: If your spouse delays retirement, their increased benefits could indirectly improve your financial situation.
